Anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of selenium nanoparticles preserved by spray drying
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/19235Keywords:
selenium nanoparticles, spray drying, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterialAbstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained considerable attention due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities. For the development of SeNP-based products, storage conditions play a critical role in preserving their functional properties. Among approaches to maintain SeNPs’ particle size, stability, and bioactivity, spray drying (SD) is a rapid, cost-effective, scalable technique. In this study, the SeNPs synthesized via electron beam irradiation and stabilized with gum arabic were preserved by spray drying (SeNP/SD), then evaluated for biological activities by MTT cytotoxicity, DPPH radical-scavenging, and agar well diffusion assays, compared with SeNPs stored at 4 °C. Specifically, the SeNP/SD effectively suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cervical cancer cells (IC50 = 2.99 μg/mL) while exerting minimal effects on normal BJ-5ta fibroblasts (selectivity index (SI) = 6.06). In addition, the SeNP/SD demonstrated notable DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 15.3 μg/mL) and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. In contrast, non–spray-dried SeNPs completely lost antibacterial activity and exhibited a 2.9-fold reduction in antioxidant capacity. Overall, these findings highlight spray drying as a promising strategy for preserving SeNP bioactivity.
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