Emission inventory and climate benefits of alternative fuels for motorcycles in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/22656Keywords:
motorcycles, emission inventory, climate benefits, electricity, Ho Chi MinhAbstract
Transportation is a leading source of air pollution in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Using the International Vehicle Emission (IVE) Model, an emissions inventory for motorcycles (MCs) was developed for 2024, with projections extended to 2030. The estimated CO2 emissions were covered eight atmospheric pollutants, with climate forcers among them. To assess emissions from different vehicle types, data were collected through Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and vehicle operational pattern surveys. Emission factors (EFs) for MCs were determined, and the potential reduction in pollutant emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent (CO2eq.) under fuel-switching scenarios was evaluated. The benefitsresulting from enhanced air quality and efforts to reduce climate change impacts in CO2eq., were quantified using the global warming potential (GWP) and EFs. Fuel switching is expected to yield substantial benefits. Specifically, under Scenario 1, in which 100 % of MCs transition to E5 fuel, total CO2 emissions in 2030 would be reduced by 184 thousandtonnes (70.23 %). In Scenario 2, where 22 % of MCs are converted to electric power, emissions would decrease by 150thousand tonnes (57.11 %).
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