Investigation of the effective refractive index in suspended core photonic crystal fiber based on As2S3 with CS2-filled air holes

Phuong Nguyen Thi Hong; Ngoc Vo Thi Minh; Lanh Chu Van; Trung Le Canh; Trang Do Mai; Tham Tran Hong; Thien Nguyen Minh; Nam Nguyen Trong; Vinh Doan The Ngo; Huy Do Viet; Ben Chu Van

doi:10.15625/0868-3166/23649

Author affiliations

Authors

Phuong Nguyen Thi Hong Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam
Ngoc Vo Thi Minh Physics Team, Huynh Thuc Khang High School, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5480-3546
Lanh Chu Van Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-6720
Trung Le Canh Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3241-1157
Trang Do Mai Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-1928
Tham Tran Hong Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7360-8778
Thien Nguyen Minh Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6847-4075
Nam Nguyen Trong Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam
Vinh Doan The Ngo Department of Physics, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Vietnam
Huy Do Viet Chi Lang High School, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam
Ben Chu Van Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-5236

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/23649

Keywords:

suspended-core photonic crystal fiber, effective refractive index, polarization dependence, As$_2$S$_3$ chalcogenide glass, CS$_2$ infiltration

Abstract

This study investigates how the structural parameters of suspended-core photonic crystal fibers (SC-PCFs) influence their effective refractive index (n\textsubscript{eff}), focusing on designs based on arsenic sulfide (As$_2$S$_3$) with carbon disulfide (CS$_2$)-filled air holes. As$_2$S$_3$ provides a high nonlinear refractive index and wide infrared transparency, while CS$_2$ infiltration enables enhanced optical control due to its high refractive index. Using Lumerical Mode Solutions, numerical simulations were conducted for x-polarized (x-pol.) and y-polarized (y-pol.) modes across the wavelength range from 2 to 5 $\mu$m, with structure ratios (w/$r_{c}$) varying from 0.35 to 0.85. The results show that the effective refractive index increases with the slot width and reaches 2.2217 at a wavelength of 2150 nm for the CS$_2$-filled structure. Compared to air-filled fibers, CS$_2$ infiltration improves refractive index control and optical confinement. These results provide quantitative design guidance for optimizing modal confinement and birefringence in SC-PCFs targeting nonlinear and polarization-sensitive applications in the mid-infrared regime.

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