Petrogenesis of Cretaceous Padean Granite and Its Implication on Molybdenum Mineralization

Fadiah Pratiwi; Tyto Baskara Adimedha; I Gde Sukadana; John Mauritz; Rifi Sani Nugraha; Roni Cahya Ciputra; Kaisha Nasywa As-syagaf Tumangger; Dayang Gita Rhalisa; Muhamad Rifan Fahad; Gusti Made Sukmawan; Nunik Madyaningarum; Adi Gunawan Muhammad; Frederikus Dian Indrastomo; Adhika Junara Karunianto

doi:10.15625/2615-9783/25086

Author affiliations

Authors

Fadiah Pratiwi Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Tyto Baskara Adimedha Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
I Gde Sukadana Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
John Mauritz Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Bandung 40254, Indonesia
Rifi Sani Nugraha Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Bandung 40254, Indonesia
Roni Cahya Ciputra Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Kaisha Nasywa As-syagaf Tumangger Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Dayang Gita Rhalisa Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Muhamad Rifan Fahad Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Gusti Made Sukmawan Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Nunik Madyaningarum Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Adi Gunawan Muhammad Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Frederikus Dian Indrastomo Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
Adhika Junara Karunianto Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/25086

Keywords:

Molybdenum mineralization, Padean granite, petrogenesis, syn-collision

Abstract

Molybdenum (Mo) is classified as a critical mineral in Indonesia. It is widely used across various industries, including the nuclear sector, due to its distinctive properties and potential applications in nuclear medicine and nuclear fuels. The Padean granite in southern Sumatra has long been regarded as part of a Mesozoic, I-type, volcanic-arc–related granitoid suite, and no significant mineralization has previously been reported from the study area. However, the recent identification of molybdenite occurrences during regional exploration highlights the need for a systematic reassessment of granite's petrogenesis and mineralization potential. This study investigates the petrogenesis of the Cretaceous Padean granite by integrating field observations, petrographic analyses, and geochemistry to provide insights into the controls of magma evolution and the geodynamic setting of molybdenum ore formation. The granites comprise two distinct suites: I-type granites from mantle-related sources in volcanic-arc settings, and S-type granites formed through crustal anatexis during syn-collisional processes. Molybdenite occurs mainly as disseminations and as quartz ± muscovite veins, formed during late-magmatic to magmatic-hydrothermal stages. Molybdenite mineralization is preferentially associated with highly fractionated S-type granites. Mo concentrations range from 1639 to 1722 ppm in mineralized granitoids and from 7062 to 60,305 ppm in hydrothermal veins, representing enrichments by several orders of magnitude relative to barren samples. Advanced fractional crystallization, as indicated by strong Rb enrichment and Sr-Ba depletion, together with the assimilation of Mo-rich sedimentary components, as suggested by high Th/La ratios, controlled Mo concentration in late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal systems. These results indicated that molybdenite mineralization in the study area was primarily controlled by sediment-derived S-type magma generation in a volcanic-arc to syn-collisional setting, followed by advanced fractional crystallization and late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal fluid exsolution. This study highlights the critical role of magma differentiation and tectonic framework in controlling Mo fertility in Late Cretaceous granite-related systems of Sumatra.

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