Porous activated carbon spheres derived from resorcinol-formaldehyde resin with high performance for methylene blue removal
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/19688Keywords:
absorption material , porous carbon , resorcinol , formaldehyde , environment treatmentAbstract
Porous carbon materials offer numerous practical uses, particularly in the field of adsorbents due to their remarkable characteristics, which include a low density, a high surface area, and strong electrical conductivity, amongst other benefits. The findings of synthesizing porous carbon materials using a resorcinol-formaldehyde polymerization reaction, a gelation process, and pore water evaporation at high temperature are shown in this study. The procedure was carried out in an atmosphere containing an inert gas. Analyses of the newly created materials included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), specific surface area calculated using the BET equation, and many more. A porous carbon material with a specific surface area of 801.92 m2/g is feasibly manufactured.
Downloads
References
1. Ma Thi Van Ha - Research on the adsorption capacity of methylene blue and methylene orange on modified laterite materials, Master’s thesis, Thai Nguyen, 2015 (Vietnamese).
2. Al-Muhtaseb S. A., Ritter J. A. - Preparation and properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels, Advanced Materials 15 (2) (2003) 101-114. doi.org/10.1002/adma.200390020.
3. Chaukura N., Murimba E. C. and Gwenzi W. - Sorptive removal of methylene blue from simulated wastewater using biochars derived from pulp and paper sludge, Environmental Technology & Innovation 8 (2017) 132-140. doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.06.004.
4. Sharma C. S., Patil S., Saurabh S., Sharma A., Venkataraghavan R. - Resorcinol-formaldehyde based carbon nanospheres by electrospraying, Bulletin of Materials Science 32 (3) (2009) 239-246. doi.org/10.1007/s12034-009-0036-6.
5. Gómez J. M., Galán J., Rodríguez A., and Walker G. M. - Dye adsorption onto mesoporous materials: pH influence, kinetics and equilibrium in buffered and 140 saline media, Journal of Environmental Management 146 (2014) 355-361. doi.org/10.1016/ j.jenvman.2014.07.041.
6. Tan Y., Wang X., Xiong F., Ding J., Qing Y., Wu Y. - Preparation of lignin-based porous carbon as an efficient absorbent for the removal of methylene blue, Industrial Crops and Products 171 (2021) 113980. doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113980.
7. Somsesta N., Sricharoenchaikul V., Aht-Ong D. - Adsorption removal of methylene blue onto activated carbon/cellulose biocomposite films: Equilibrium and kinetic studies, Materials Chemistry and Physics 240 (2020) 122221. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys. 2019.122221.
8. Vadivelen V., Kumar K. V. - Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk, Journal of colloid and interface science 286 (1) (2005) 90-100. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.007.
9. Utomo H. D., Phoon R. Y. N., Shen Z., Ng L. H., Lim Z. B. - Removal of Methylene Blue Using Chemically Modified Sugarcane Bagasse, Natural Resources 06 (04) (2015) 209-220. doi:10.4236/nr.2015.64019.
10. Zhou C., Wu Q., Lei T., Negulescu I. I. - Adsorption kinetic and equilibrium studies for methylene blue dye by partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite hydrogels, Chemical Engineering Journal 251 (2014) 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.04.034.
11. Romero-Anaya A. J., Ouzzine M., Lillo-Ródenas M. A., Linares-Solano A. - Spherical carbons: Synthesis, characterization and activation processes, Carbon 68 (2014) 296-307. doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.006.
12. Baghel A., Singh B., Prasad G. K., Pandey P., Gutch P. K. - Preparation and characterization of active carbon spheres prepared by chemical activation, Carbon 49 (14) 4739-4744. doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.080.
13. Tripathi N. K., Sathe M. - Pilot scale production of activated carbon spheres using fluidized bed reactor and its evaluation for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions, Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India) 98 (2) (2017) 141-147. doi.org/ 10.1007/s40034-017-0100-5.
14. Tripathi N. K. - Porous carbon spheres: Recent developments and applications, AIMS Materials Science 5 (5) (2018) 1016-1052. doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2018.5.1016.
15. Mei Li, Xiaoqing Chang, Xianlong Han, Wenchao Yin, Manman Ren - Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin based porous carbon materials with yolk-shell structure for high-performance supercapacitors, Synthetic Metals 219 (2016) 67-75. doi.org/10.1016/ j.synthmet.2016.05.011.
16. Nakagawa H., Watanabe K., Harada Y., and Miura K. - Control of micropore formation in the carbonized ion exchange resin by utilizing pillar effect, Carbon 37 (9) (1999) 1455-1461, 1999. doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00008-1.
17. Cenens J., Schoonheydt R. A. - Visible spectroscopy of methylene blue on hectorite, laponite B, and barasym in aqueous suspension, Clay and Clay Minerals 36 (3) (1988) 214-224. doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360302
18. Jung C. H., Lee H. Y., Moon J. K., Won H. J., Shul Y. G. - Electrosorption of uranium ions on activated carbon fibers, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 287 (3) (2011) 833-839. doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0848-2
19. Kim J., Lee H. Yeon J. W., Jung Y., Kim J. - Removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by nanoporous carbon and its chelating polymer composite, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 286 (1) (2010) 129-133. doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0624-3.
20. Myers A. L. - Thermodynamics of adsorption in porous materials, AIChE Journal 48 (1) (2002) 145-160. doi.org/10.1002/aic.690480115.
21. Liu T., Li Y., Du Q., Sun J., Jiao Y., Yang G., Wang Z., Xi Y., Zhang W., Wang K., Zhu H. and Wu D. - Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by graphene. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 90 (2012) 197-203. doi.org/10.1016/ j.colsurfb.2011.10.019.
22. Sui Z., Meng Q., Zhang X., Ma R. and Cao B. - Green synthesis of carbon nanotube - graphene hybrid aerogels and their use as versatile agents for water purification, Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 (18) (2012) 8767-8771. doi.org/10.1039/C2JM00055E.
23. Pathania D., Sharma S. and Singh P. - Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 10 (S1) (2017) 1445-1451. doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Vietnam Journal of Sciences and Technology (VJST) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal. All academic publications could be made free to read and downloaded for everyone. In addition, articles are published under term of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) Licence which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.
Copyright on any research article published in VJST is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. Authors grant VAST Journals System a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Upon author(s) by giving permission to VJST either via VJST journal portal or other channel to publish their research work in VJST agrees to all the terms and conditions of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ License and terms & condition set by VJST.
Authors have the responsibility of to secure all necessary copyright permissions for the use of 3rd-party materials in their manuscript.
