Transparent conducting oxide films with p-type characteristics derived from sol-gel dip-coating of LaF3- and CeF3-doped tin oxides
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/20042Keywords:
Rare-earth tri-fluoride doped tin oxide films, p-type transparent conducting oxide films, sol-gel dip-coating method, optical and electrical propertiesAbstract
Transparent semiconductor oxide films, typically based on doped indium tin oxide, find widespread use in optoelectronic devices. Tin oxide films inherently exhibit n-type conductivity. Achieving efficient p-type tin oxide film electrodes is a challenging task for applications in p-n based photonic devices. In this investigation, we introduce innovative p-type transparent films whose optical transmittance and electrical conductivity can be adjusted by doping tin oxide films with various rare-earth triflouride compouds such as LaF3 and/or CeF3 using sol-gel dip-coating method. The p-type conductance of the thin films is confirmed through Hall effect and Seebeck coefficient measurements. The results obtained indicate that the LaF3- and CeF3-doped SnO2 film exhibits a transmittance of 85.1% and 80.9% at a wavelength of 550 nm, a low electrical resistivity of 8.68 × 10–3 Ωcm and 1.70 ´ 10–2 Ωcm, and a high figure-of-merit of 6.59 × 10–4 Ω⁻¹ and 1.74 ´ 10–4 Ω⁻¹, respectively, making them highly suitable for applications in optoelectronics.
Downloads
References
1. He L., Luan C., Feng X., Xiao H., Yang X., Wang D., and Ma J. - UV–vis transparent conducting Ta-doped SnO2 epitaxial films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, Materials Research Bulletin 118 (2019) 110488. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.materresbull.2019.05.013.
2. Feng M., Zhou H., Guo W., Zhang D., Ye L., Li W., Ma J., Wang G., and Chen S. - Fabrication of P-type transparent conducting CuxZn1-xS films on glass substrates with high conductivity and optical transparency, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 750 (2018) 750-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.402.
3. Zhang N., Liu X., Shi D., Tang B., Annadi A., and Gong H. - Achievement of highly conductive p-type transparent NdCuOS film with Cu deficiency and effective doping, Materials Today Chemistry 10 (2018) 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem. 2018.07.006.
4. Pham A. T. T., Nguyen P. T., Phan T. B., and Tran V. C. - Study on fluorination and hydrogenation in transparent conducting zinc oxide thin films, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58 (2020) 197-203. https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/2/14083.
5. Quynh T. D., Anh L. T. L., and Xuan N. S. - On the contribution factors of enhanced photocatalytic activity of doped semiconductors: Structural and optical investigation of Cu2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59 (2021) 277-289. https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/3/15490.
6. Haacke G. - New figure of merit for transparent conductors, Journal of Applied Physics, 47 (1976) 4086-4089. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.323240.
7. Rozati S. M. and Ziabari S. A. M. - A review of various single layer, bilayer, and multilayer TCO materials and their applications, Materials Chemistry and Physics 292 (2022) 126789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126789.
8. Hui K., Hui K. S., Li L., Cho Y., and Singh J. - Low resistivity p-type Zn1−xAlxO:Cu2O composite transparent conducting oxide thin film fabricated by sol–gel method, Materials Research Bulletin 48 (2013) 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.10.013.
9. Kawazoe H., Yasukawa M., Hyodo H., Kurita M., Yanagi H., and Hosono H. - P-type electrical conduction in transparent thin films of CuAlO2, Nature 389 (1997) 939-942. https://doi.org/10.1038/40087.
10. Ueda K., Hase T., Yanagi H., Kawazoe H., Hosono H., Ohta H., Orita M., and Hirano M. - Epitaxial growth of transparent p-type conducting CuGaO2 thin films on sapphire (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001) 1790-1793. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1337587.
11. Snure M. and Tiwari A. - CuBO2: A p-type transparent oxide, Applied Physics Letters 91 (2007) 092123. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2778755.
12. Vanaja K., Ajimsha R., Asha A., and Jayaraj M. - p-type electrical conduction in α-AgGaO2 delafossite thin films, Applied Physics Letters 88 (2006) 212103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2204757.
13. Xiong D., Xu Z., Zeng X., Zhang W., Chen W., Xu X., Wang M., and Cheng Y. B. - Hydrothermal synthesis of ultrasmall CuCrO2 nanocrystal alternatives to NiO nanoparticles in efficient p-type dye-sensitized solar cells, Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 (2012) 24760-24768. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM35101C.
14. Bagheri-Mohagheghi M. M., Shahtahmasebi N., Alinejad M. R., Youssefi A., and Shokooh-Saremi M. - Fe-doped SnO2 transparent semi-conducting thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique: Thermoelectric and p-type conductivity properties, Solid State Sciences 11 (2009) 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.05.005.
15. Cao P., Zhao D., Shen D., Zhang J., Zhang Z., and Bai Y. - Cu+-codoping inducing the room-temperature magnetism and p-type conductivity of ZnCoO diluted magnetic semiconductor, Applied Surface Science 255 (2009) 3639-3641. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.10.011.
16. Al-Jawhari H. A. - A review of recent advances in transparent p-type Cu2O-based thin film transistors, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 40 (2015) 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2015.06.063.
17. Nomura K., Ohta H., Ueda K., Kamiya T., Hirano M., and Hosono H. - Thin-film transistor fabricated in single-crystalline transparent oxide semiconductor, Science 300 (2003) 1269-1272. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1083212.
18. Zhang N., Shi D., Liu X., Annadi A., Tang B., Huang T. J., and Gong H. - High performance p-type transparent LaCuOS thin film fabricated through a hydrogen-free method, Applied Materials Today 13 (2018) 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apmt.2018.08.003.
19. Hiramatsu H., Ueda K., Ohta H., Orita M., Hirano M., and Hosono H. - Preparation of transparent p-type (La1−xSrxO)CuS thin films by rf sputtering technique, Thin Solid Films 411 (2002) 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00200-6.
20. Banerjee A. and Chattopadhyay K. - Recent developments in the emerging field of crystalline p-type transparent conducting oxide thin films, Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 50 (2005) 52-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow. 2005.10.001.
21. Kumari A., Panda R., Jha M. K., Kumar J. R., and Lee J. Y. - Process development to recover rare earth metals from monazite mineral: A review, Minerals Engineering 79 (2015) 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.05.003.
22. Lizin A. A., Tomilin S. V., Gnevashov O. E., Gazizov R. K., Osipenko A. G., Kormilitsyn M. V., Baranov A. A., Zaharova L. V., Naumov V. S., and Ponomarev L. I. - PuF3, AmF3, CeF3, and NdF3 solubility in LiF–NaF–KF melt, Atomic energy 115 (2013) 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-013-9740-9.
23. Tran Q. P., Fang J. S., and Chin T. S. - Optical properties and boron doping-induced conduction-type change in SnO2 thin films, Journal of Electronic Materials 45 (2016) 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4081-1.
24. Bu I. Y. - Sol–gel deposition of fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses for dye sensitized solar cells, Ceramics International 40 (2014) 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2013.06.017.
25. Tran Q. P., Fang J. S., and Chin T. S. - Properties of fluorine-doped SnO2 thin films by a green sol–gel method, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 40 (2015) 664-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.047.
26. Shanthi S., Subramanian C., and Ramasamy P. - Growth and characterization of antimony doped tin oxide thin films, Journal of Crystal Growth 197 (1999) 858-864. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01066-5.
27. Arefi-Khonsari F., Bauduin N., Donsanti F., and Amouroux J. - Deposition of transparent conductive tin oxide thin films doped with fluorine by PACVD, Thin Solid Films 427 (2003) 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(02)01211-7.
28. Mazloom J. and Ghodsi F. - Spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrical characterization of nanostructured SnO2:Co thin films prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique, Materials Research Bulletin 48 (2013) 1468-1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull. 2012.12.069.
29. Ravichandran K. and Thirumurugan K. - Type inversion and certain physical properties of spray pyrolysed SnO2:Al films for novel transparent electronics applications, Journal of Materials Science & Technology 30 (2014) 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst. 2013.09.019.
30. Saha B., Das S., and Chattopadhyay K. - Electrical and optical properties of Al doped cadmium oxide thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 (2007) 1692-1697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat. 2007.05.025.
31. Sakthivel P., Asaithambi S., Karuppaiah M., Sheikfareed S., Yuvakkumar R., and Ravi G. - Different rare earth (Sm, La, Nd) doped magnetron sputtered CdO thin films for optoelectronic applications, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 30 (2019) 9999-10012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01342-9.
32. Heremans J. P., Jovovic V., Toberer E. S., Saramat A., Kurosaki K., Charoenphakdee A., Yamanaka S., and Snyder G. J. - Enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency in PbTe by distortion of the electronic density of states, Science 321 (2008) 554-557. https://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1159725.
33. Snyder G. J. and Toberer E. S. - Complex thermoelectric materials, Nature Materials 7 (2008) 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2090.
34. Dusastre V. - Materials for sustainable energy: a collection of peer-reviewed research and review articles from Nature Publishing Group, World Scientific, London, 2011.
35. Kröger F. A. - The Chemistry of Imperfect Crystals: Imperfection Chemistry of Crystalline Solids, North-Holland, Holland, 1974.
36. Ruan C., Sun Q., Xiao D., Li H., Xia G., and Wang S. - Lightwave irradiation-assisted low-temperature solution synthesis of indium-tin-oxide transparent conductive films, Ceramics International 48 (2022) 12317-12323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2022.01.094.
37. Kim J., Yun H., Seo J., Kim J. H., Kim J. H., Mkhoyan K. A., Kim B., and Char K. - Deep-UV Transparent Conducting Oxide La-Doped SrSnO3 with a High Figure of Merit, ACS Applied Electronic Materials 4 (2022) 3623-3631. https://doi.org/10.1021/ acsaelm.2c00581.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Vietnam Journal of Sciences and Technology (VJST) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal. All academic publications could be made free to read and downloaded for everyone. In addition, articles are published under term of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) Licence which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.
Copyright on any research article published in VJST is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. Authors grant VAST Journals System a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Upon author(s) by giving permission to VJST either via VJST journal portal or other channel to publish their research work in VJST agrees to all the terms and conditions of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ License and terms & condition set by VJST.
Authors have the responsibility of to secure all necessary copyright permissions for the use of 3rd-party materials in their manuscript.
Funding data
-
National Foundation for Science and Technology Development
Grant numbers 103.99-2021.96
